Annoba

Annoba shine saurin yaɗuwar cuta zuwa adadin mutane masu yawa a cikin ƙayyadaddun al'umma a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Misali, a cikin cututtukan meningococcal, ana ɗaukar adadin kai hari fiye da yawan mutum 15 a cikin mutane 100,000 na makonni biyu a jere a na daukarsa a matsayin annoba. ^[1]

Annobar kwayar cututtuka zasu iya faruwa da dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da canji a cikin yanayin halittu na yawan jama'a (misali, ƙara yawan yawan nau'ikan kwarinmasu daukara kwayar cutar), canjin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin cutar ko shigar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa. zuwa wurin jama'a (ta hanyar zowa kwayoyin cuta ko kuma mutane). Gabaɗaya, annoba tana faruwa ne lokacin da garkuwar mai masaukin baki ga ko dai kafaffen cuta ko kuma sabon ƙwayar cuta mai tasowa ya ragu ba zato ba tsammani a ƙasa wanda aka samu a cikin ma'aunin endemic kuma an wuce iyakar watsuwa. ^[2]

Ana iya taƙaita annoba zuwa wuri ɗaya; duk da haka, idan ta yadu zuwa wasu ƙasashe ko nahiyoyi kuma ta shafi adadi mai yawa na mutane, ana iya kiranta annoba mai yaduwa. ^[3] Bayyana annoba yawanci yana buƙatar kyakkyawar fahimtar adadin abin da ya faru ; annoba ga wasu cututtuka, irin su mura, an ayyana su da kai wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abin da ke faruwa a sama da wannan tushe. ^[4] Wasu ƴan lokuta na wata cuta da ba kasafai ake samun su ba za a iya rarraba su azaman annoba, yayin da yawancin lokuta na wata cuta ta gama-gari (kamar mura ta gama-gari ) ba za ta iya ba. Annobar na iya haifar da babbar barna ta hanyar asarar kuɗi da tattalin arziki baya ga tawayar lafiya da asarar rayuka.

1. ↑ Principles of Epidemiology (PDF) (Third ed.). Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012.
2. ↑ Green MS, Swartz T, Mayshar E, Lev B, Leventhal A, Slater PE, Shemer J (January 2002). "When is an epidemic an epidemic?" (PDF). The Israel Medical Association Journal. 4 (1): 3–6. PMID 11802306
3. ↑ Callow PP, ed. (1998). "Epidemic". The Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. p. 246. ISBN 0-86542-838-7.
4. ↑ Martin PM, Martin-Granel E (June 2006). "2,500-year evolution of the term epidemic". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (6): 976–80. doi:10.3201/eid1206.051263. PMC 3373038. PMID 16707055